Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation Alexandria
Currently all agencies reviewed, then classified asbestos as a carcinogen for humans.
EUROPEAN UNION: All types of asbestos are classified in category I CONFIRMED CARCINOGEN IN HUMANS FOR THE EEC. 1991, Commission Directive 91/325/EEC of 1 March 1991 adapting to technical progress for the twelfth time to technical progress Council Directive 67/548/EEC. (Under Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances. OJ 1967 L 196, Page 1. Define the category I like confirmed carcinogens to humans).
1997. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC has classified chrysotile and amphibole, in the category of carcinogens hazardous to human health (ie, category I). IARC: Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, 1977, Lyon, volume 14. IARC has recognized that chrysotile asbestos causes lung cancer and mesothelioma. (Chrysotile accounts for the vast majority of asbestos used worldwide, representing about 95 percent of asbestos used since World War II and more than 80 percent is added to the cement).
1998. After an evaluation by the International Programme on Chemical Safety, WHO (World Health Organization) reaffirmed that chrysotile asbestos “has been associated with an increased risk of pneumoconiosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma in numerous epidemiological studies of exposed workers. ” “The exposure-response relationship between chrysotile and lung cancer risk appears to be 10 to 30 times higher in the studies of textile workers in the effected workers undermine sectors and development” (page 144 ), “has not found a threshold for carcinogenic risks.” International Programme of Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria (203) on Chrysotile, World Health Organization, 1998, Geneva, point 1.6 (Effects on humans). Known as EHC 203.
1999. The United Kingdom. HSC (Health and Safety Commission). The HSC believes that all forms of asbestos are dangerous because they all can cause mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. Health and Safety Commission, UK, 1999, Proposals for Amendments to the Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992.
INSERM report. INSERM is one of the world agencies of medical and biological research more important. It is a public research organization funded by the French state. The study was a critical and reasoned review of scientific literature conducted by a multidisciplinary team of 11 scientific experts. The method employed in this work and the extent of it (12 chapters of discussions, supported by 1,200 references) distinguish it from any monograph or fragmentary.
The report’s findings indicate the carcinogenicity of chrysotile, the absence of a threshold of safety, remind us tested the main effects of exposure to asbestos to human health: asbestosis, benign pleural disease, bronchial cancer and mesothelioma.
The number of deaths caused by asbestos in France, in 1996, according to estimates by INSERM, is about 1,950 (750 mesotheliomas, 1,200 cases of lung cancer). When it comes to causal imputation of a case of lung cancer to occupational exposure to asbestos, the panel concluded, based on analysis of available data, that a cancer can develop those characteristics in the absence of existing fibrosis . Regarding the role of the snuff, the panel noted that the proportion of lung cancer cases attributable to snuff is the same in a population of smokers and nonsmokers. In other words, not because a worker suffering from bronchial cancer smoke, it means that cancer is not attributable to asbestos.
Ban on asbestos use in Europe.
The EC, to ensure a level of health protection unit high and the domestic market in the European Community since 1980 have taken a number of Community legislation. On May 4, 1999, we decided to totally ban all types of asbestos products from 1. January, 2005. In 1972, Denmark introduced a ban on the use of asbestos cladding and insulation purposes. It seems that this prohibition was the first in the world. In 1986, Denmark banned asbestos altogether, with limited exceptions until 1993. In 1972, Britain banned the import of crocidolite (blue asbestos). This decision was completed with the limit values for exposure to asbestos dust in workplaces. In 1975, France banned the marketing and use of crocidolite and in 1976, the use of asbestos cement products. In 1986, Sweden totally banned asbestos, with certain exceptions. In 1977, France established the first control limits for asbestos dust and, in 1978, prohibited the coating of asbestos fibers. In 1996, total ban on asbestos, with limited exceptions. In 1977, the Netherlands banned the use of crocidolite and asbestos siding. In 1991, the Netherlands fully banned asbestos, with exceptions apply until 1997. In 1992, Finland and Italy banned the asbestos, with exceptions apply until 1993. In 1993, Germany banned asbestos altogether, with limited exceptions. In 1998, Belgium total ban on asbestos, with limited exceptions. In 2002, Spain banned asbestos, with limited exceptions.
The EC, in the early eighties, highlighted the need for harmonization between Member States. Adopted two important Directives: Directive 83/477/EEC and Directive 83/478/EEC. Directive 83/477/EEC requires Member States of the European Community to impose on employers an obligation to assess the risks to workers arising from exposure to asbestos and take the necessary preventive measures. Prohibits the use of asbestos fibers as a coating (“flocking”) and sets limit values for exposure. Also imposes a range of preventive measures, medical surveillance of workers and adequate cleaning of the workplace. Finally, it provides special measures for workers involved in asbestos removal. Directive 83/478/EEC introduced at Community level the first steps in marketing elative asbestos, prohibiting the marketing and use of crocidolite (with some exceptions) and requiring mandatory labeling of all products containing asbestos. Directive 85/610/EEC extended this prohibition to all other types of asbestos for certain specific uses.
In the early 90′s, according to the EEC, the number of available scientific evidence on the risks posed by asbestos and substitute products are developed to replace the safest asbestos in many applications. European legislation has evolved quickly to strengthen risk control. Thus, in 1991, all types of asbestos are classified as Category I like carcinogens CONFIRMED IN HUMANS, under Directive 67/548/EEC. On the other hand, Directive 91/382/EEC, amended the Directive 83/477/EEC on the protection of workers, reducing levels of exposure to 0.6 f / ml for chrysotile and 0.3 f / ml for all other forms of asbestos. A year earlier, the Directive 90/394/EEC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to carcinogens, introduced the principle of substitution. This principle requires employers to replace carcinogenic substances used at work for dangerous substances which are not or are less so, as far as is technically possible. As for marketing, Directive 91/659/EEC introduced a total ban on the marketing and use of all types of asbestos fibers, except chrysotile asbestos, whose use was banned for 14 specific product categories.
On May 4, 1999, it was decided to propose a directive banning the sale and use of chrysotile asbestos to be put into effect throughout the European Union on 1 January 2005.
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